Contested matters are initiated by motion. The term "contested matter" includes any litigation in a bankruptcy case involving an actual dispute, other than an adversary proceeding. A contested matter is initiated by a motion, rather than by complaint. (FRBP 9014, 7001) A motion may be uncontested and is served in the same manner as a summons and complaint. (FRBP 7004) A timely filed objection opposing the relief or action sought creates a contested matter. A response is not required in a contested matter unless ordered by the court. Local bankruptcy court rules govern the opposing party’s rights to a hearing. (FRBP 9014)
Contested matters include:
A judgment entered in a contested matter must be set forth on a separate document to eliminate uncertainty as to whether an opinion or memorandum of the court is a judgment. (FRBP 9021) There is no particular form for a judgment.